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age is usually sufficient. Place a timer or a clock within view so he can keep

track of the time.

5. If he cries or screams, reset the timer. If he leaves the time-out area, return
him there and reset the timer. You may need to hold him in the chair with
his back facing you.

6. Use a time-out each and every time he violates this particular rule. Also,
any time you notice that he's observing the rule, congratulate him for
behaving so well.

7. Make sure that all caretakers such as both parents, babysitters,
grandparents, etc., follow the same rules.

Important Points to Keep in Mind:
• Your child needs a lot of brief physical contact every day.

• Your child will do some things many times with time-outs before she stops
them. This is normal and to be expected.

• You do not need to act angry, yell, or lose control.

D. Special Time
Yelling, spanking and other types of physical punishment are forms of attention,
and if used regularly, may cause your child to continue to misbehave. A way to
reverse this process is to provide your child with plenty of attention that involves
good feelings rather than bad ones. Try to spend at least 10-15 minutes of
"special time" with each child every day, without distractions such as other
children, the telephone, or television. Allow your child to choose the activity from
a list you provide to ensure that both of you enjoy special time. For an older
child, you may choose to have extended special time such as a half or whole
day outing. The most important aspects of special time is that it is enjoyable,
predictable and not in any way dependent on the day's behavior. In other words,
a bad day does not result in the removal of special time.

E. Overview of Toilet Training Procedures
There are multiple approaches to toilet training. Most children will train
themselves when they are ready usually by the age of 2 1/2 or 3 years. It is
important that toilet training be a positive experience for your child.

Look for the following signs that your child is ready to begin toilet training;
• remains dry at least 2 hours at a time during the day or is dry after naps
• bowel movements become regular and predictable
• facial expressions, posture or words reveal that a bowel movement or

urination is about to occur

• can follow simple verbal instructions
• can walk to and from the bathroom, undress, and then dress again
• seems uncomfortable with soiled diapers and wants to be changed
• asks to use the toilet or potty chair

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